Map with hot spots in the Indigenous Land Caru between November and December 2015. Solely a firefighter, Tupã who managed, with the rain, put out the fire that many were not able to”, recalls Claudio Guajajara, coordinator of the Guardians of the Forest in the village Maçaranduba, TI Caru. “On December 31st, I remember like it was today, the rain had come. Nevertheless, even with the brigades’ arduous efforts, the fire’s kilometric extension was controlled only with the rainy season’s arrival. Both operations relied on the work of the Guardians of the Forest and indigenous brigades. In the second one, Operation Alto Turiaçu held in TIs Caru, Awá and Alto Turiaçu participated Maranhão’s firefighters and civil servers from Ibama and Funai, besides the State Environmental Police Battalion, who acted in the teams’ security. The first one, Operation Awa held in TI Araribóia, it counted with Prevfogo, Maranhão’s firefighters, Brazilian army soldiers and civil servants of Ibama and the National Indian Foundation (Funai). To the extent that the fire outbreaks intensified, they were gaining reinforcements both the competent bodies as indigenous brigades of other peoples.īy the competent organs, there were two fire-fighting operations. It was essential the protection work and monitoring of their territory made by Awa Guajá, by the brigade Guajajara-Tenetehara and the Guardiões da Floresta (Guardians of the Forest) – formed groups in TIs Caru and Araribóia by Guajajara-Tenetehara, and in TI Alto Turiaçu by Ka’apor. With the delay of the official bodies’ teams, indigenous people organized their own brigades firefighting. Lack water for animal drinking, which is also dying of thirst”, laments Majakatỹ Awa Guajá, chieftain of the village Tiracambu, TI Caru.of the village Tiracambu, TI Caru.īurning forest in the Indigenous Land Araribóia, where the fire affected 54.4% of the total area (Photo: Marizilda Cruppe / Greenpeace). There died a lot of hunting, chaplain, monkey, turtle, scorched all. “We were very sad to see the forest burning. Bacuri burned, assai, bacaba, pequi and also repelled the hunting animals, bringing hunger to our communities”, laments Xiparẽxa Awa Guajá, For all of the communities that suffer the impacts of fire, the episode is sadly remembered. “We care about the fire that burns the forest, our ‘market’. Furthermore, the loss is not only in material terms, since the plants and animals represent much more than purely food to these peoples’ worldview. Important hunting and gathering areas were destroyed, directly affecting Awa Guajá population of recent contact and their isolated groups, essentially hunter-gatherers peoples. On the other hand, the TIs Alto Turiaçu, Awa e Caru, where inhabit the Guajajara-Tenetehara, Ka’apor, Awa Guajá of recent contact and isolated, had lost, respectively, 75,000 hectares (14.1% of the area), 67 hectares (57.5%) and 11 hectares (6.3%). A few months later, the TIs Alto Turiaçu, Awa e Caru, which form the complex Alto Turiaçu, also suffered new fires.Īccording to the National Center for Prevention and Control of Forest Fires (Prevfogo), the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Ibama), only of TI Araribóia were consumed by fire 225,000 hectares (54.4% of the total area ), affecting a population of approximately 12,000 Guajajara-Tenetehara, besides isolated Awa Guajá’s groups. On October 8th 2015, through Decree N ° 31,186, the State Government declared emergency in 11 Indigenous Lands (TI) – Araribóia, Geralda do Toco Preto, Cana Brava Guajajara, Governador, Krikati, Lagoa Comprida, Bacurizinho, Urucu, Juruá, Porquinhos e Canela – due to several fire outbreaks recorded on them. In the year 2015, from September until the last days of December, the indigenous people of Maranhão’s state saw much of the remaining of Amazon forest and Cerrado in their territories disappear in forest fire of great proportions. By Rafael Nakamura | Translation: Patrícia Ribeiro de Carvalho
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